Programming and Developer Certifications

As a professional programmer or developer, you can advance your career by earning professional certifications in your field. A certification from one of the big names in the business verifies your skills to current and future employers, so check out some of the many certifications available. Brainbench Certified Internet Professional (BCPIP) Brainbench offers certifications in three areas: Web Developer. Requires instruction and tests on HTML, Programming Concepts, RDBMS Concepts and Web Development Concepts plus four electives are chosen from more than 70 areas of specialization.  Web Administrator. Requires instruction and tests on Internet Security, Network Monitoring, Networking Concepts and Web Server Administration plus two electives chosen from 25 areas of specialization.Web Designer. Requires instruction and tests on HTML 4 and HTML 5, Web Design Concepts and Web Design for Accessibility plus two electives chosen from more than 35 areas of specialization. The certifications are structured to allow participants to choose a certification program based on their job requirements and skill sets. The program is offered online. CIW Certified Internet Webmaster Certifications The CIW Web Development Professional Certification includes front-end scripting language, back-end programming language, and database skills. CIW Web Foundations Associate Certification fosters an understanding of internet business, website design, and data networking.   Microsoft Certifications Microsoft revamped its popular Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer certification in early 2017. At that time, its five credentials—Web Applications, SharePoint Applications, Azure Solutions Architect, Application Lifecycle Management and Universal Windows Platform—were condensed to two new certifications: MCSE: Cloud and Platform Infrastructure. This certification  verifies that the recipient has the skills to run an efficient and modern data center. The training includes cloud technologies, identity management, systems management, virtualization, storage, and networking. Prerequisite: MCSA certification in Windows Server 2016, Cloud Platform, Linux on Azure or Windows Server 2012.MCSD: App Builder. This certification verifies the recipient has the skills needed to build mobile and web applications and services. Prerequisite: MCSA certification in Universal Windows Platform or Web Application. In addition to these certifications, Microsoft offers many other certifications in the fields of mobility, productivity, data, business, and databases.   Learning Tree International  Certifications Learning Tree International offers Specialist and Expert Certifications—each of which requires completion of several courses—in areas that include: Cloud ComputingCyber SecurityJava ProgrammingPython ProgrammingMobile App Development.NET/Visual Studio DevelopmentNetworking and VirtualizationSQL ServerWeb Development Each class lasts four or more days. Participants can attend the live, instructor-led course online. Each topic  has its own specific requirements, which are viewable online at the companys website. Oracle Certifications The list of Oracle certifications is immense and broken into categories of  Applications, Database, Expertise Management, Foundation, Industries, Java and Middleware, Operating Systems, Oracle Cloud, Systems, and Virtualization. Each of the many options has its own set of prerequisites, which is viewable on the Oracle website.   IBM Certifications The IBM list of certifications is lengthy. Among the certifications of interest to developers are: IBM Certified Developer - Apache Spark 1.6IBM Certified Developer - Cognos Real-Time MonitoringIBM Certified Developer - InfoSphere MDM Server v9.0 SAS Certifications Most of the SAS certification tests are earned online. Each one has specific requirements that can be viewed at the training website. Among the many certifications offered by SAS are: SAS Certified Base Programmer for SAS 9SAS Certified Advanced Programmer for SAS 9SAS Certified Data Integration Developer for SAS 9SAS Certified Big Data Professional Using SAS 9

The Great Irony Of The Civil War - 1685 Words

The great irony of the Civil War is not that it tore apart families and brothers for the sake of ‘unity’ and ‘a way of life’; it is that it was caused by the very document that brought the country together. The mid-1800s were a time of great industry and change. Men made their fortunes in the North using great machines, and legions of paid workers, whereas men in the South made their fortunes on King Cotton, and the involuntary servitude of fellow Man. The Constitution, the Supreme Law of the Land, had no words for the institution of Slavery, or the series of actions that would herald the separation of the Union. The Constitution of the Union, however revolutionary, was not perfect. It bound the country together for 73 years, but tore it apart just as voraciously. The Constitution, prior to 1865, did not use the words ‘slave’ or ‘slavery’ once. There is only one reference to slaves in the Constitution prior to the Civil War, in Article 1, Section 2 which refers to the 3/5 Compromise, â€Å"†¦.. ,and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.† , where slaves are referred to as ‘other Persons’. Because of this ambiguity in the Constitution, the proclamations of the illegality of slavery by the North were not backed by law. Instead, the issue of slavery was reduced to a moral conflict, with the North against the institution, and the South for it. The South relied heavily on crops due to its fertile soil. Chief among these crops was cotton. It was the South’s needShow MoreRelatedAn Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge1100 Words   |  5 PagesAn Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, written by Ambrose Bierce in 1890-1891, depicts an antiwar motif of the American Civil War. Bierce uses dramatic irony, descriptive imagery and the theme of time. The war was fought from 1861 to 1865 after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as the â€Å"Confederacy† or the â€Å"South.† The remaining states were known as the â€Å"Union† or the â€Å"North.† The war’s origin was the issue of slavery, especiallyRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesinequality by employing dialogue, irony, and an extended metaphor. Through dialogue, the townspeople show contempt for blacks, viewing them and anyone who treats them as equals as inferior. This is evident in the analysis of the conversations of Bob Ewell, Mrs. Dubose, and Francis Hancock where they refer to black people as uncivilized savages. Not only does Bob Ewell, contribute to the theme through his dialogue, but his full name of Robert E. Lee Ewell provokes irony that clarifie s the racist undertonesRead MoreWilmot Proviso1205 Words   |  5 PagesWilmot Proviso It could be said that the American Civil War was brought on by Americans need to expand its territories and the one sided Mexican War. The whole debate or controversy over this expansion was David Wilmot’s (and his squad of backers: Hamlin, Brinkerhoff, and King) trying to implement the Wilmot Proviso into the funding for the Mexican territories we acquired. The proviso actually fueled the debate over slavery into the newly acquired territories by trying to make the territoriesRead More Passion for Equality Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages A Great Passion for Equality With America struggling in a state of Civil War, the nations very core was being shaken. Abraham Lincoln, who was president during this period, realized this, and delivered one of his most historically renowned speeches, quot;The Gettysburg Addressquot;. This speech addresses many concerns for the nation as a whole. Through quot;The Gettysburg Addressquot;, Lincoln clearly states his views on what the country once was, how it was during the time he was in, and whatRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthey were both leaders of either Russia or Animal Farm. George Orwell was a man who wrote the book Animal Farm which was based on the Russian revolution. In the book Animal Farm there are many literary elements that I will be talking about such as; irony, symbolism, personification, conflict, allegory and, analogy. George Orwell put many different types of conflict in his book Animal Farm such as; character vs character, character vs society, and character vs nature. Both Snowball and Napoleon wantRead MoreThe Meaning Of Heritage In The Color Purple By Alice Walker771 Words   |  4 PagesMany African-American quilts that were made after the Civil War and emancipation were made from scraps of clothing and other like materials. Born in 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Alice Walker grew up as the youngest sibling in a poor family. As a Civil Rights activist, Walker fought for the equality of all African-Americans. She is best known for her novel The Color Purple which was published in 1982. In 1973, she released the story collection In Love and Trouble which included the short story â€Å"EverydayRead MoreAmerican South And Race Relations Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagesthe historical bible of the Civil Rights Movement. His second most influential work is  Origins of the New South, 1877-1913.  It was published in 1951. During his life he received several honors and recognition for his work such as the Gold Medal of the National Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, the British Academy and the Royal Historical Society, the  Bancroft Prize for  Origins of the New South, 1877-1913  and the  Pulitzer Prize  in 1982 for  Mary Chesnut s Civil War. Following Woodward’s deathRead MoreThe Strange Career Of Jim Crow Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthe book to be, the historical bible of the Civil Rights Movement. His second most influential work is Origins of the New South, 1877-1913. It was published in 1951. He held the Gold Medal of the National Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters and was a member of the British Academy and the Royal Historical Society.  He won the  Bancroft Prize for Origins of the New South, 1877-1913, as well as the  Pulitzer Prize  in 1982 for  Mary Chesnut s Civil War. Following Woodward’s death in 1999, the  S outhernRead MoreSymbolism and Literary Techniques in George Orwells Animal Farm1167 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegoric fairy tale type novel that uses irony, satire, and allegory to portray the true identity of media censored Communist Russia. Because of the relationship between America and Communist Russia during WWII, Animal Farm was not originally received with warmth because it was thought of as harmful propaganda. But then, during the Cold War, when US-USSR relations soured, George Orwell’s novel was finally read. George Orwell, the pseudonym of Eric Blair, conceivedRead MoreLovely English in The Red Badge of Courage by Henry Flemming1356 Words   |  5 PagesCourage is a great American classic, and this wonderful quote sums up the entire novel from start to finish. The novel is a novel about a solider in the civil war who deals with the difficulties of being in war. The novel follows and captures his journey using many literary elements. Crane’s use of style, plot, setting, and characters help enhance the story. The use of these literary elements helps enhance the novel and help readers understand the struggles of a solider during the civil war. The first

Shakespeare is a well known author who wrote in th Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare is a well known author who wrote in th Essay e 1500s. Many of his plays are classified as tragedies. According to the Oxford dictionary of current English, a tragedy is described as a serious disaster or a sad event. In Shakespeare plays, tragedy is identified as a story that ends unhappily due to the fall of the protagonist, which is the tragic hero. For a play to be a tragedy, there must be a tragic hero. In the play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is the tragic hero. The theme of tragedy plays a great role in the play Romeo and Juliet. By analyzing Romeos tragic flaw, his noble birth, his series of poor decisions, the suffering of Romeo that extends beyond himself, it is evident that Romeo and Juliet is classified as a tragedy. A person must posses certain qualities that classify one as a tragic hero. One of these qualities is the noble birth of a character. In the play Romeo and Juliet Romeo being the tragic hero, possesses that quality. Romeo is a Montague, and in the city of Verona the Montagues are a well known and respected family. It is a known fact that the Montagues are of noble birth when it is said by Benvolio in Act 1, Scene 1, Line 141: My noble uncle. Benvolio is referring to Lord Montague, who is the father of Romeo. The Montagues are also a rich family, and that is one of the reasons for the respect for Romeo. Verona brags of him a bears him like a partly gentleman. This was said by Lord Capulet in Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 65-66. This quote illustrates that even Romeos enemies know well of him and know that he is respected and talked about by the citizens of Verona. Usually when a character is introduced as being noble, the audience is aware that in the end of the play, the character will have a tragic fall. Another necessary quality possessed by a tragic hero is the heros tragic flaw, which in Romeos case is falling in love too quickly and deeply. To seek a tragic flaw in either Romeo or Juliet is a foolish and futile. comments Harold Goddard, a critic from the book: Modern critical views, William Shakespeare the Tragedies. Goddard supports the idea that having a tragic flaw is a part of being a tragic hero. Another critic states that if Romeos character does have a tragic flaw, it is youthful impetuosity; an older or more deliberate man might somehow have managed to avoid the quarrel and would not rush to kill himself as soon as he believed that Juliet was dead. ( Phillis Rackin, author of Shakespeare Tragedies.)In the play Romeo and Juliet romeos tragic fall being he falls in love too quickly and too deeply, brings him to an awful end. In the beginning of the play one is introduced to Romeo being deeply and hopelessly in love with Rosaline. However Rosaline does not feel the same way about Romeo. This is when Romeo is unhappy and says to Benvolio: Not having that which makes having short. ( Act 1, Scene 1, Line 162). This very well illustrates how deeply Romeo was in love with Rosaline. In the next scene the audience realize that Romeo ha fallen for another, which is Juliet. For I neer saw true beauty till this night. -Said by Romeo in Act 1, Scene 5, Line 52.The audience can quickly identify Romeos flaw of falling in love too quickly and deeply when he forgets about his feelings for Rosaline and concentrates on Juliet. Juliet too realizes that Romeos love for her was too fast when she said : It is too rash, too undvisd, too sudden.( Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 117-118). Having a tragic flaw could be foreshadowing of the fall of the tragic hero. .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 , .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .postImageUrl , .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 , .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:hover , .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:visited , .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:active { border:0!important; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:active , .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064 .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc378cbede1d4fcb7772081250c5bf064:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My hobby EssayRome being the plays tragic hero makes a series of poor decisions. The first decision of many was going to the Capulets party. Direct my sail! Oh lusty gentlemen. Says Romeo in Act 1, Scene 4, Line 113. If Romeo did not go to the party he would not have met Juliet. It was unnecessary for Romeo to try to stop the fight between Tybalt and Mercutio. If Romeo did not try to stop the fight, Mercutio would not have been killed, and the fight between Romeo and Tybalt would not have existed. Romeo says in Act 3, Scene 1, Line 94 : Courage, man; the hurt can not be much., when he tries to stop the fight between Tybalt and Mercutio. Romeo makes the wrong choice when he decides to fight Tybalt for the death of Mercutio. Either thou, or I, or both, must go with him.( Act 3, Scene 1, Line 1290. This quote refers to Romeos challenge for Tybalt. If Romeo did not fight Tybalt he would not have been banished from Verona. Another one of Romeos poor decisions was the decision to commit suicide, which was also his last decision. O true apothecary, thy drugs are quick, thus with a kiss I die. Said Romeo in Act 5, Scene 3, Line 120, right before he died. If only Romeo decided not to drink the poison he would have been alive to see Juliet wake. All these decisions caused Romeo, the tragic hero, to end his life tragically. The suffering of the tragic hero also extends beyond himself. Due to the actions of Romeo, Mercutio and Tybalt died. When he tries to make peace between them and Mercutio is fatally wounded, Romeo remarks pathetically I thought out for the best. - Comments Phillis Rackin author of Shakespeare Tragedies. Mercutios soul is but a little way above our heads, remarks Romeo after Mercutios death, caused by Romeo. Tybalts death also results from Romeos poor actions. After Romeos death Lady Montague dies of a heart attack. Lord Montague says to the Prince in Act 5, Scene 3, Line 209: Alas my leige, my wife is dead tonight. Because of Romeo, Juliet decides upon her own death. She argues with her father, drinks the potion, and later stabs herself, all for the love for Romeo. Veronas peace is disturbed by all the commotion of the fights between the Capulets and the Montagues, caused mainly by Romeo. There is still no peace in the streets of Verona. The families of both Romeo and Juliet suffer o ver the loss of their children, and everyone is unhappy. Since Romeo brought suffering upon people rather than himself, he is truly the tragic hero and makes the play Romeo and Juliet a tragedy. It is obvious that in the play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is the tragic hero. This is evident when the audience see Romeos noble birth, his tragic flaw, series of poor decisions he made and the fact that through his actions he brought suffering upon other people. Most plays, stories or novels have a moral. The moral of Romeo and Juliet is not to rush into things like love, hate and important decisions. All people should think twice about every decision they are making. From all the evidence stated in this paragraph along with the paragraphs above it is said that Romeo and Juliet is classified as a tragedy. WORKS CONSULTEDBloom, Nasold. Modern critical views. William shakespeare the Tragedies.1985Rackin, Phillis. Shakespeares Tragedies. 1978Brodley, A.C. Shakespearian Tragedy. 1986Oxford school Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet. 1982THE ELEMENTS THAT ESTABLISH THE PLAY AS A TRAGEDY

My Last Duchess final paper Essays - Royalty, Princesses, Nobility

"My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning is a Victorian poem that demonstrates the power of voice. This poem is narrated by the Duke of Ferrara who uses his voice to gain control of those around him. He even speaks for his deceased wife, only explaining his view of the situation proceeding her death. While the Duke has a voice his former wife is encapsulated by silence and isolation. The Duke determines who is allowed to see her portrait, and decides which part of her story he wants to share. this section will analyze the silence forced upon the Duchess, and will demonstrate how the form of the poem expresses the controlling voice the Duke maintains throughout the work. "My Last Duchess" is a poem that demonstrates the silence enforced upon a Duchess, emphasized by the isolation created by her former husband. From the very beginning of the poem the Duchess is shown as alone and isolated, That's my las Duchess painted on the wall, Looking as if she were alive' (1-2). The Duchess is physically attached to the wall as a portrait, and cannot interact with those around her. she is a strict observer, watching others interact as she merely looks on. The Duke has even limited the amount of people that can see her, But to myself they turned (since none puts by/The curtain I have drawn for you, but I / And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst, /How such a glance came there; so, not the first /Are you to turn and ask thus' (9-13). She is isolated behind a curtain, and cannot control the amount she is hidden or shown. Though there are some select few that are shown her portrait, she cannot speak for herself. They supposedly have questions about her, but t he Duke answers all questions himself. Even while the Duchess was alive, the Duke does not express that she had a voice. He describes her, Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, /Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without /Much the same smile?' (43-45) According to the Duke, she always smiled, but does not make reference to any words that she spoke. On line 13 he makes a similar statement, Sir, twas not /Her husband's presence only, called that spot /Of joy into the Duchess' cheek' (14-15). The Duke describes her physical presence but does not speak about her oral communication. Although it goes without saying that she did indeed vocalize her feelings while she was alive, the fact that the Duke never makes reference to her speaking supports the idea of silence and isolation forced upon the woman. Her words did not seem to matter before her death, nor do they matter now. Because she is never described as having a voice, she is almost forced into being a mere inanimate object even while ali ve, as opposed to a living, opinionated, or interactive human being. An example is Robin Lakoff who explains the importance of language and interaction with woman. Speech about women implies an object, whose sexual nature requires euphemism, and whose social roles are derivative and dependent in relation to men. The personal identity of women thus is linguistically submerged; the language works against treatment of women, as serious persons with individual views' (Lakoff 45). The entirety of the reader's perception of the Duchess is dependent on the men around her. Every representation of her is linked to the actions or perceptions of a man, and never about her as a human being. The men in her life overshadow any of her interests, thoughts, or accomplishments. Lackoff explains the importance of proper representation, In appropriate women's speech, strong expression of feeling is avoided, expression of uncertainty is favored, and means of expression in regard to subject-matter deemed trivial' to the real' world are elaborated'(45). By only expressing that the Duchess smiled often, the Duke portrays her in a trivial manner. He removes any of her strong expressions of feeling, and describes her as flirtatious and trivial. Lackoff continues by explaining how this behavior is detrimental to women, Our use of language embodies attitude as well as referential meanings. Woman's language' has a foundation the attitude that women are marginal

buy custom The Effects of the Media on Students essay

buy custom The Effects of the Media on Students essay MTV has made it possible for children to listen to more than ten thousand hours of rock music. This is intensified as the children spent countless hours gazing at MTV. Our media has exposed children and teenagers to sensual images as well as violent scenes. Such influence is what is driving students to take part in violence activities because that is the information that they consume daily and that is basically what they spend most of their time thinking about. Children have a tendency to put into practice that which they have watched other people doing and that is the reason this practice gets its way in high schools and colleges. Our world has become a scary planet because of the great exposure to violence. Everyone has taken part in destroying the innocence of our children who are students in this schools where violence, shooting and bullying is the order of the day. One of the environments which impart violence in students is the media. Its quite obvious that what is in the heart of a person is what comes out and whatever one thinks about is what they will end up doing. For these reason the minds of the young people are overwhelmed with violent scenes and because what is in the heart is what comes forth that is the reason they are active participants of violence at schools. Though the media people deny that this isnot the ultimate truth then the question remains where do our children learn violence from? One of the hardest realities is that the broadcast is meant to affect the lives of people therefore their no way they can say that what they air plays a little part in the violence being witnessed at our schools (Elliott, Hamburg Williams 1998). The media affects our social lives and the violence that is being broadcasted on the television imparts our family and society to a very large extend. Violence is one of the common aspects of the movies that are shot. Its the responsibility of everyone to work hard at reducing the violence that we see in our society. Basing on the amounts of violence that children are exposed to its very easy to predict the behavior that follows. It should not be a shock to many that our schools have become violence grounds because that is the only place where students can put to practice that which they have seen on the television. Some two prominent surgeons linked the violence and aggression in students to the media. Scientific research that has been recently done indicate that the excessive violence on the television has found it ways to the street. A study that was carried on children for about five years indicated that aggression and violence in children with their parents or at school is related to the violence the children watch on the television. Further studies that were conducted with a number of psychologists indicated that the television habits that children acquire at age eight influence their behavior through childhood as well as adolescent. Therefore, the more violent scenes that children prefer at grade three the more aggressive their behavior become. For this reason psychologist concluded that the effects of the media on children is accumulative. Twenty years down the line after the research that was done the trend still takes course (Benbenishty Astor, 2005). Its evident through the research that has been conducted that children who watch violent scenes at age eight are more likely to take part in violent actions at their later age or even take part in child abuse before age thirty. Therefore its important to understand that excessive exposure to televised violence is the main cause of the violence in our society. Its evident that violence that is aired on the television affects the youngsters be it girls or boys at whatever intelligence and socioeconomic level. The senses of youngsters and adolescents are assaulted by the images they watch on MTV. Therefore its important for something to be done in order to reduce the violence in our media before our society looses its sense of direction as the young people take part in violence or fall victims of violence at our learning institutions. Buy custom The Effects of the Media on Students essay

Women in India Essays

Women in India Essays Women in India Essay Women in India Essay The status of  women in India  has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. [2][3]  From equal status with men in ancient times[4]through the low points of the medieval period,[5]  to the promotion of  equal rights  by many reformers, the history of women in  India  has been eventful. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in  India  including that of the  President,  Prime minister,  Speaker of the Lok Sabha  and  Leader of the Opposition. As of 2011, the  President of India, the  Speaker of the Lok Sabha  and the  Leader of the Opposition  in  Lok Sabha  (Lower House of the parliament) are all women. | - History Ancient India Scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed  equal status  with men in all fields of life. [6]  However, some others hold contrasting views. [7]  Works by ancient Indian grammarians such asPatanjali  and  Katyayana  suggest that wome n were educated in the early  Vedic period[8][9]  Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband. [10]  Scriptures such as  Rig Veda  and  Upanishads  mention several women sages and seers, notably  Gargi  and  Maitreyi. 11] There are very few texts specifically dealing with the role of women;[12]  an important exception is the  Stri Dharma Paddhati  of Tryambakayajvan, an official at  Thanjavur  around c. 1730. The text compiles strictures on womenly behaviour dating back to the  Apastamba  sutra (c. 4th c. BCE). [13]  The opening verse goes: mukhyo dharmaH smr^tiShu vihito bhartr^shushruShANam hi  : women are enjoined to be of service to their husbands. Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as  nagarvadhu  (bride of the city). Women competed to win the coveted title of the  nagarvadhu. Amrapali  is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu. According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early  Vedic period. [14]  However, later (approximately 500 B. C. ), the status of women began to decline with the  Smritis  (esp. Manusmriti) and with the  Islamic  invasion of  Babur  and the  Mughal  empire and later Christianity curtailing womens freedom and rights. [5] Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions. 14]  The practice of  child marriages  is believed to have started from around sixth century. [15] Medieval period The Indian womans position in the society further deteriorated during the medieval period[5][6]  when  Sati  among some communities,  child marriages  and a ban on widow remarriages became part of social life among some communities in India. The  Muslim conquest in the Ind ian subcontinent  brought the  purdahpractice in the Indian society. Among the  Rajputs  of Rajasthan, the  Jauhar  was practised. In some parts of India, the  Devadasis  or the temple women were sexually exploited. Polygamy was widely practised especially among Hindu Kshatriya rulers. [15]  In many Muslim families, women were restricted to  Zenanaareas. In spite of these conditions, some women excelled in the fields of politics, literature, education and religion. [5]  Razia Sultana  became the only woman monarch to have ever ruled  Delhi. The  Gond  queen  Durgavati  ruled for fifteen years, before she lost her life in a battle with Mughal emperor  Akbars general Asaf Khan in 1564. Chand Bibi  defended  Ahmednagar  against the mighty  Mughal  forces of Akbar in 1590s. Jehangirs wife  Nur Jehan  effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. The Mughal princesses Jahanara and Zebunnissa were well-known poets, and also influenced the ruling administration  Shivajis mother,  Jijabai  was deputed as queen regent, because of her ability as a warrior and an administrator. In South India, many women administered villages, towns, divisions and heralded social and religious institutions. 15] The  Bhakti  movements tried to restore womens status and questioned some of the forms of oppression. [14]  Mirabai, a female saint-poet, was one of the most important Bhakti movement figures. Some other female saint-poets from this period include  Akka Mahadevi, Rami Janabai and  Lal Ded. Bhakti sects within Hinduism such as the Mahanubhav, Varkari and many others were principle movements within the Hi ndu fold to openly advocate social justice and equality between men and women. Shortly after the Bhakti movement,  Guru Nanak, the first Guru of  Sikhs  also preached the message of equality between men and women. He advocated that women be allowed to lead religious assemblies; to perform and lead congregational hymn singing called  Kirtan  or  Bhajan; become members of religious management committees; to lead armies on the battlefield; have equality in marriage, and equality in  Amrit  (Baptism). Other  Sikh Gurus  also preached against the discrimination against women.

Existentialism and Marxism Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Existentialism and Marxism Paper - Essay Example This notion swept the world through a phase of political change that evolved generation after generation. There was also the concept of Existentialism that also spread through Latin America in a major manner. This concept was unique in that it stressed the significance of experience as compared to notions that come from other people’s views. This means that it identifies an individual to be a free being not to follow various factors from others. Many philosophers had different notions on the two different philosophies and the comparison of their views goes deep. Romero Francisco in Theory of a Man displays his vast and widespread support of the Existentialism notion. In this book, he argues deeply stating that the running of the society through material ideology is nothing but a waste of time due to the manner through which the society has progressed through the ages (Romero 134). The author states very clearly that he very much supports the effort and the changes observed in the behavioral sciences and that they have hopes in the future but rather discredits the pace through which they have had in the past days. Romero states that in Latin America, people were rather confused on the way to which they should follow in society and thus many of them did not have a sound decision but rather followed the mass (Romero 142). He states this to be the reason unto why societal progress has been very slow from those days, thus Existentialism credited, and the entire disregard pointed towards Marxism. He also goes ahead to state that the weakness of the human being is what made him believe in culture rather the scientific revolution of the age. He states that with the stand that he takes on the issue, he has no offence towards reductionism and that it is a concept feared only by those with developmental fear. A writer that is clearly against this notion is Enrique Dussel’s Philosophy of Liberation. In this book, Enrique goes a long way in explaining the mann er in which the Latin Americans were represented or rather took up Marxism and states that this was a rather conscious decision for them (Dussel 67). In the book, he majorly focuses on issues relating to Ethics and politics. Enrique states that human beings in the era needed a political scope of the world and notes a sociological view because understanding the society was not just enough. Enrique claims that for one to concentrate on the rather large Latin American society at the time, the basic philosophy to understand is that on politics. Enrique states that no society can run without the basic unit that is a government. It is due to this that he states that the formation of a government was important. It is from this governing body that unity was found to develop and as a single unit, there was the ability to move forward with decisions that are more informed rather than having an individual making a single decision (Dussel 154). This is because it would lead to confusion with on e another constantly ending in feuds and thus the importance of the Marxism movement in Latin America. Francisco Milro Quesda in Without Theory goes a long way in explaining the various concepts that show the reason as to why the Existentialism notion was rather important in the Latin American society. He states that many of the human philosophies going around are baseless and are bound to fail because they base the human experience in a manner that the issues that they faced were rather